Avoid passing NULL to 'memcpy' and 'memcmp'.

Reported by Jeffrey Walton <noloader@gmail.com> in
<https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guile-devel/2019-03/msg00001.html>.

Note that C11 section 7.1.4 (Use of library functions) states that:
"unless explicitly stated otherwise in the detailed descriptions [of
library functions] that follow: If an argument to a function has an
invalid value (such as ... a null pointer ...) ..., the behavior is
undefined."  Note that 'strxfrm' is an example of a standard C function
that explicitly states otherwise, allowing NULL to be passed in the
first argument if the size argument is zero, but no similar allowance is
specified for 'memcpy' or 'memcmp'.

* libguile/bytevectors.c (scm_uniform_array_to_bytevector): Call memcpy
only if 'byte_len' is non-zero.
* libguile/srfi-14.c (charsets_equal): Call memcmp only if the number of
ranges is non-zero.
* libguile/stime.c (setzone): Pass 1-character buffer to
'scm_to_locale_stringbuf', instead of NULL.
* libguile/strings.c (scm_to_locale_stringbuf): Call memcpy only if the
number of bytes to copy is non-zero.

libguile/bytevectors.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (C) 2009-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 2009-2015, 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  *
  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -662,6 +662,10 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_uniform_array_to_bytevector, "uniform-array->bytevector",
     SCM_MISC_ERROR ("uniform elements larger than 8 bits must fill whole bytes", SCM_EOL);
 
   ret = make_bytevector (byte_len, SCM_ARRAY_ELEMENT_TYPE_VU8);
+  if (byte_len != 0)
+    /* Empty arrays may have elements == NULL.  We must avoid passing
+       NULL to memcpy, even if the length is zero, to avoid undefined
+       behavior. */
     memcpy (SCM_BYTEVECTOR_CONTENTS (ret), elts, byte_len);
 
   scm_array_handle_release (&h);

libguile/srfi-14.c

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /* srfi-14.c --- SRFI-14 procedures for Guile
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2001, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2001, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011,
+ *   2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  *
  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -363,6 +364,12 @@ charsets_equal (scm_t_char_set *a, scm_t_char_set *b)
   if (a->len != b->len)
     return 0;
 
+  /* Empty charsets may have ranges == NULL.  We must avoid passing
+     NULL to memcmp, even if the length is zero, to avoid undefined
+     behavior. */
+  if (a->len == 0)
+    return 1;
+
   if (memcmp (a->ranges, b->ranges, sizeof (scm_t_char_range) * a->len) != 0)
     return 0;
 

libguile/stime.c

@@ -340,10 +340,11 @@ setzone (SCM zone, int pos, const char *subr)
   if (!SCM_UNBNDP (zone))
     {
       static char *tmpenv[2];
+      char dummy_buf[1];
       char *buf;
       size_t zone_len;
       
-      zone_len = scm_to_locale_stringbuf (zone, NULL, 0);
+      zone_len = scm_to_locale_stringbuf (zone, dummy_buf, 0);
       buf = scm_malloc (zone_len + sizeof (tzvar) + 1);
       strcpy (buf, tzvar);
       buf[sizeof(tzvar)-1] = '=';

libguile/strings.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2006,
- *   2008-2016, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ *   2008-2016, 2018, 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 
  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -2283,13 +2283,18 @@ scm_to_stringn (SCM str, size_t *lenp, const char *encoding,
 size_t
 scm_to_locale_stringbuf (SCM str, char *buf, size_t max_len)
 {
-  size_t len;
+  size_t len, copy_len;
   char *result = NULL;
   if (!scm_is_string (str))
     scm_wrong_type_arg_msg (NULL, 0, str, "string");
   result = scm_to_locale_stringn (str, &len);
 
-  memcpy (buf, result, (len > max_len) ? max_len : len);
+  copy_len = (len > max_len) ? max_len : len;
+  if (copy_len != 0)
+    /* Some users of 'scm_to_locale_stringbuf' may pass NULL for buf
+       when max_len is zero, and yet we must avoid passing NULL to
+       memcpy to avoid undefined behavior. */
+    memcpy (buf, result, copy_len);
   free (result);
 
   scm_remember_upto_here_1 (str);