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* scheme-data.texi (Strings): Reorganized the whole `Strings'
section and wrote introductory material for each new subsection.
This commit is contained in:
Martin Grabmüller
parent
91344cebe0
commit
b576faf1c0
2 changed files with 304 additions and 202 deletions
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@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
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2001-03-27 Martin Grabmueller <mgrabmue@cs.tu-berlin.de>
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* scheme-data.texi (Strings): Reorganized the whole `Strings'
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section and wrote introductory material for each new subsection.
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2001-03-25 Marius Vollmer <mvo@zagadka.ping.de>
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* intro.texi (Modules and Extensions): Some short text about
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@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ sections of this manual that cover them.
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* Keywords:: Self-quoting, customizable display keywords.
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* Pairs:: Scheme's basic building block.
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* Lists:: Special list functions supported by Guile.
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* Records::
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* Structures::
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* Arrays::
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* Association Lists and Hash Tables::
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* Vectors::
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* Records::
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* Structures::
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* Arrays::
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* Association Lists and Hash Tables::
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* Vectors::
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* Hooks:: User-customizable event lists.
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* Other Data Types:: Data types that are documented elsewhere.
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@end menu
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@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ in Scheme, which is particularly clear and accessible: see
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* Reals and Rationals:: Real and rational numbers.
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* Complex Numbers:: Complex numbers.
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* Exactness:: Exactness and inexactness.
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* Number Syntax:: Read syntax for numerical data.
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* Number Syntax:: Read syntax for numerical data.
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* Integer Operations:: Operations on integer values.
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* Comparison:: Comparison predicates.
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* Conversion:: Converting numbers to and from strings.
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@ -1397,23 +1397,76 @@ Return the lowercase character version of @var{chr}.
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@node Strings
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@section Strings
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[FIXME: this is pasted in from Tom Lord's original guile.texi and should
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be reviewed]
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Strings are fixed--length sequences of characters. They can be created
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by calling constructor procedures, but they can also literally get
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entered at the REPL or in Scheme source files.
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For the sake of efficiency, two special kinds of strings are available
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in Guile: shared substrings and the misleadingly named ``read-only''
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strings. It is not necessary to know about these to program in Guile,
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but you are likely to run into one or both of these special string types
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eventually, and it will be helpful to know how they work.
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The read syntax for strings is an arbitrarily long sequence of characters
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enclosed in double quotes (@code{"}). @footnote{Actually, the current
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implementation restricts strings to a length of 2&24 characters.} If
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you want to insert a double quote character into a string literal, it
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must be prefixed with a backslash @code{\} character (called an
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@emph{escape character}).
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The following are examples of string literals:
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@lisp
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"foo"
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"bar plonk"
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"Hello World"
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"\"Hi\", he said."
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@end lisp
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Guile provides a rich set of string processing procedures, because text
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handling is very important when Guile is used as a scripting language.
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@menu
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* String Fun:: New functions for manipulating strings.
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* String Predicates:: Testing strings for certain properties.
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* String Constructors:: Creating new string objects.
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* List/String Conversion:: Converting from/to lists of characters.
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* String Selection:: Select portions from strings.
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* String Modification:: Modify parts or whole strings.
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* String Comparison:: Lexicographic ordering predicates.
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* String Searching:: Searching in strings.
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* Alphabetic Case Mapping:: Convert the alphabetic case of strings.
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* Appending Strings:: Appending strings to form a new string.
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* String Miscellanea:: Miscellaneous string procedures.
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* Shared Substrings:: Strings which share memory with each other.
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* Read Only Strings:: Treating certain non-strings as strings.
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@end menu
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@node String Fun
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@subsection String Fun
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@node String Predicates
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@subsection String Predicates
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The following procedures can be used to check whether a given string
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fulfills some specified property.
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@r5index string?
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string?")
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@deffn primitive string? obj
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Returns @code{#t} iff @var{obj} is a string, else returns
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@code{#f}.
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@end deffn
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-null?")
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@deffn primitive string-null? str
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Return @code{#t} if @var{str}'s length is nonzero, and @code{#f}
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otherwise.
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@example
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(string-null? "") @result{} #t
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y @result{} "foo"
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(string-null? y) @result{} #f
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@end example
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@end deffn
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@node String Constructors
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@subsection String Constructors
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The string constructor procedures create new string objects, possibly
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initializing them with some specified character data.
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@c FIXME::martin: list->string belongs into `List/String Conversion'
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@r5index string
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@r5index list->string
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@ -1434,13 +1487,32 @@ the string are initialized to @var{chr}, otherwise the contents
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of the @var{string} are unspecified.
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@end deffn
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@r5index string-append
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-append")
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@deffn primitive string-append . args
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Return a newly allocated string whose characters form the
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concatenation of the given strings, @var{args}.
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@node List/String Conversion
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@subsection List/String conversion
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When processing strings, it is often convenient to first convert them
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into a list representation by using the procedure @code{string->list},
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work with the resulting list, and then convert it back into a string.
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These procedures are useful for similar tasks.
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@r5index string->list
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string->list")
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@deffn primitive string->list str
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@samp{String->list} returns a newly allocated list of the
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characters that make up the given string. @samp{List->string}
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returns a newly allocated string formed from the characters in the list
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@var{list}, which must be a list of characters. @samp{String->list}
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and @samp{list->string} are
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inverses so far as @samp{equal?} is concerned. (r5rs)
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@end deffn
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@node String Selection
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@subsection String Selection
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Portions of strings can be extracted by these procedures.
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@code{string-ref} delivers individual characters whereas
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@code{substring} can be used to extract substrings from longer strings.
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@r5index string-length
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-length")
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@deffn primitive string-length string
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@ -1454,19 +1526,10 @@ Return character @var{k} of @var{str} using zero-origin
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indexing. @var{k} must be a valid index of @var{str}.
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@end deffn
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@r5index string-set!
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-set!")
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@deffn primitive string-set! str k chr
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Store @var{chr} in element @var{k} of @var{str} and return
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an unspecified value. @var{k} must be a valid index of
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@var{str}.
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@end deffn
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@r5index string?
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string?")
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@deffn primitive string? obj
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Returns @code{#t} iff @var{obj} is a string, else returns
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@code{#f}.
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@r5index string-copy
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-copy")
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@deffn primitive string-copy str
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Returns a newly allocated copy of the given @var{string}. (r5rs)
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@end deffn
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@r5index substring
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@ -1481,49 +1544,41 @@ exact integers satisfying:
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0 <= @var{start} <= @var{end} <= (string-length @var{str}).
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@end deffn
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-index")
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@deffn primitive string-index str chr [frm [to]]
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Return the index of the first occurrence of @var{chr} in @var{str}. The
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optional integer arguments @var{frm} and @var{to} limit the search to
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a portion of the string. This procedure essentially implements the
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@code{index} or @code{strchr} functions from the C library.
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@node String Modification
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@subsection String Modification
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(qdocs:) Returns the index of @var{char} in @var{str}, or @code{#f} if the
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@var{char} isn't in @var{str}. If @var{frm} is given and not @code{#f},
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it is used as the starting index; if @var{to} is given and not @code{#f},
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it is used as the ending index (exclusive).
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These procedures are for modifying strings in--place. That means, that
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not a new string is the result of a string operation, but that the
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actual memory representation of a string is modified.
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@example
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(string-index "weiner" #\e)
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@result{} 1
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(string-index "weiner" #\e 2)
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@result{} 4
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(string-index "weiner" #\e 2 4)
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@result{} #f
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@end example
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@r5index string-set!
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-set!")
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@deffn primitive string-set! str k chr
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Store @var{chr} in element @var{k} of @var{str} and return
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an unspecified value. @var{k} must be a valid index of
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@var{str}.
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@end deffn
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-rindex")
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@deffn primitive string-rindex str chr [frm [to]]
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Like @code{string-index}, but search from the right of the string rather
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than from the left. This procedure essentially implements the
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@code{rindex} or @code{strrchr} functions from the C library.
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@r5index string-fill!
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-fill!")
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@deffn primitive string-fill! str chr
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Stores @var{char} in every element of the given @var{string} and returns an
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unspecified value. (r5rs)
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@end deffn
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(qdocs:) The same as @code{string-index}, except it gives the rightmost occurance
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of @var{char} in the range [@var{frm}, @var{to}-1], which defaults to
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the entire string.
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@c ARGFIXME fill/fill-char
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "substring-fill!")
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@deffn primitive substring-fill! str start end fill
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Change every character in @var{str} between @var{start} and @var{end} to
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@var{fill-char}.
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(qdocs:) Destructively fills @var{str}, from @var{start} to @var{end}, with @var{fill}.
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@example
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(string-rindex "weiner" #\e)
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@result{} 4
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(string-rindex "weiner" #\e 2 4)
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@result{} #f
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(string-rindex "weiner" #\e 2 5)
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@result{} 4
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(define y "abcdefg")
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(substring-fill! y 1 3 #\r)
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y
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@result{} "arrdefg"
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@end example
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@end deffn
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@ -1603,102 +1658,14 @@ y
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@end example
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@end deftypefn
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "vector-move-left!")
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@deffn primitive vector-move-left! vec1 start1 end1 vec2 start2
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Vector version of @code{substring-move-left!}.
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@end deffn
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "vector-move-right!")
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@deffn primitive vector-move-right! vec1 start1 end1 vec2 start2
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Vector version of @code{substring-move-right!}.
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@end deffn
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@node String Comparison
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@subsection String Comparison
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@c ARGFIXME fill/fill-char
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "substring-fill!")
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@deffn primitive substring-fill! str start end fill
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Change every character in @var{str} between @var{start} and @var{end} to
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@var{fill-char}.
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(qdocs:) Destructively fills @var{str}, from @var{start} to @var{end}, with @var{fill}.
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@example
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(define y "abcdefg")
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(substring-fill! y 1 3 #\r)
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y
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@result{} "arrdefg"
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@end example
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@end deffn
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-null?")
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@deffn primitive string-null? str
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Return @code{#t} if @var{str}'s length is nonzero, and @code{#f}
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otherwise.
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(qdocs:) Returns @code{#t} if @var{str} is empty, else returns @code{#f}.
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@example
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(string-null? "")
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@result{} #t
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(string-null? y)
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@result{} #f
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@end example
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@end deffn
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@c ARGFIXME v/str
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-upcase!")
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@deffn primitive string-upcase! str
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Destructively upcase every character in @code{str}.
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(qdocs:) Converts each element in @var{str} to upper case.
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@example
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(string-upcase! y)
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@result{} "ARRDEFG"
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y
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@result{} "ARRDEFG"
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@end example
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@end deffn
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-upcase")
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@deffn primitive string-upcase str
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Upcase every character in @code{str}.
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@end deffn
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@c ARGFIXME v/str
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-downcase!")
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@deffn primitive string-downcase! str
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Destructively downcase every character in @code{str}.
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(qdocs:) Converts each element in @var{str} to lower case.
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@example
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y
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@result{} "ARRDEFG"
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(string-downcase! y)
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@result{} "arrdefg"
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y
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@result{} "arrdefg"
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@end example
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@end deffn
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-downcase")
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@deffn primitive string-downcase str
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Downcase every character in @code{str}.
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@end deffn
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-capitalize!")
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@deffn primitive string-capitalize! str
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Destructively capitalize every character in @code{str}.
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@end deffn
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-capitalize")
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@deffn primitive string-capitalize str
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Capitalize every character in @code{str}.
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@end deffn
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The procedures in this section are similar to the character ordering
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predicates (REFFIXME), but are defined on character sequences. They all
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return @code{#t} on success and @code{#f} on failure. The predicates
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ending in @code{-ci} ignore the character case when comparing strings.
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@r5index string<=?
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-ci<=?")
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@ -1785,15 +1752,150 @@ Lexicographic ordering predicate; returns @code{#t} if
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@var{s1} is lexicographically greater than @var{s2}. (r5rs)
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@end deffn
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@r5index string->list
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string->list")
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@deffn primitive string->list str
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@samp{String->list} returns a newly allocated list of the
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characters that make up the given string. @samp{List->string}
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returns a newly allocated string formed from the characters in the list
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@var{list}, which must be a list of characters. @samp{String->list}
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and @samp{list->string} are
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inverses so far as @samp{equal?} is concerned. (r5rs)
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@node String Searching
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@subsection String Searching
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When searching the index of a character in a string, these procedures
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can be used.
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-index")
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@deffn primitive string-index str chr [frm [to]]
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Return the index of the first occurrence of @var{chr} in @var{str}. The
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optional integer arguments @var{frm} and @var{to} limit the search to
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a portion of the string. This procedure essentially implements the
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@code{index} or @code{strchr} functions from the C library.
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(qdocs:) Returns the index of @var{char} in @var{str}, or @code{#f} if the
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@var{char} isn't in @var{str}. If @var{frm} is given and not @code{#f},
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it is used as the starting index; if @var{to} is given and not @code{#f},
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it is used as the ending index (exclusive).
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@example
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(string-index "weiner" #\e)
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@result{} 1
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(string-index "weiner" #\e 2)
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@result{} 4
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(string-index "weiner" #\e 2 4)
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@result{} #f
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@end example
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@end deffn
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@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-rindex")
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@deffn primitive string-rindex str chr [frm [to]]
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Like @code{string-index}, but search from the right of the string rather
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than from the left. This procedure essentially implements the
|
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@code{rindex} or @code{strrchr} functions from the C library.
|
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|
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(qdocs:) The same as @code{string-index}, except it gives the rightmost occurance
|
||||
of @var{char} in the range [@var{frm}, @var{to}-1], which defaults to
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the entire string.
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@example
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(string-rindex "weiner" #\e)
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@result{} 4
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(string-rindex "weiner" #\e 2 4)
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@result{} #f
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(string-rindex "weiner" #\e 2 5)
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@result{} 4
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@end example
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@end deffn
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@node Alphabetic Case Mapping
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@subsection Alphabetic Case Mapping
|
||||
|
||||
These are procedures for mapping strings to their upper-- or lower--case
|
||||
equivalents, respectively, or for capitalizing strings.
|
||||
|
||||
@c ARGFIXME v/str
|
||||
@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-upcase!")
|
||||
@deffn primitive string-upcase! str
|
||||
Destructively upcase every character in @code{str}.
|
||||
|
||||
(qdocs:) Converts each element in @var{str} to upper case.
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
(string-upcase! y)
|
||||
@result{} "ARRDEFG"
|
||||
|
||||
y
|
||||
@result{} "ARRDEFG"
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end deffn
|
||||
|
||||
@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-upcase")
|
||||
@deffn primitive string-upcase str
|
||||
Upcase every character in @code{str}.
|
||||
@end deffn
|
||||
|
||||
@c ARGFIXME v/str
|
||||
@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-downcase!")
|
||||
@deffn primitive string-downcase! str
|
||||
Destructively downcase every character in @code{str}.
|
||||
|
||||
(qdocs:) Converts each element in @var{str} to lower case.
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
y
|
||||
@result{} "ARRDEFG"
|
||||
|
||||
(string-downcase! y)
|
||||
@result{} "arrdefg"
|
||||
|
||||
y
|
||||
@result{} "arrdefg"
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end deffn
|
||||
|
||||
@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-downcase")
|
||||
@deffn primitive string-downcase str
|
||||
Downcase every character in @code{str}.
|
||||
@end deffn
|
||||
|
||||
@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-capitalize!")
|
||||
@deffn primitive string-capitalize! str
|
||||
Destructively capitalize every character in @code{str}.
|
||||
@end deffn
|
||||
|
||||
@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-capitalize")
|
||||
@deffn primitive string-capitalize str
|
||||
Capitalize every character in @code{str}.
|
||||
@end deffn
|
||||
|
||||
@node Appending Strings
|
||||
@subsection Appending Strings
|
||||
|
||||
The procedure @code{string-append} appends several strings together to
|
||||
form a longer result string.
|
||||
|
||||
@r5index string-append
|
||||
@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-append")
|
||||
@deffn primitive string-append . args
|
||||
Return a newly allocated string whose characters form the
|
||||
concatenation of the given strings, @var{args}.
|
||||
@end deffn
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node String Miscellanea
|
||||
@subsection String Miscellanea
|
||||
|
||||
This section contains several remaining string procedures.
|
||||
|
||||
@c FIXME::martin: Should go into vector section.
|
||||
|
||||
@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "vector-move-left!")
|
||||
@deffn primitive vector-move-left! vec1 start1 end1 vec2 start2
|
||||
Vector version of @code{substring-move-left!}.
|
||||
@end deffn
|
||||
|
||||
@c FIXME::martin: Should go into vector section.
|
||||
|
||||
@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "vector-move-right!")
|
||||
@deffn primitive vector-move-right! vec1 start1 end1 vec2 start2
|
||||
Vector version of @code{substring-move-right!}.
|
||||
@end deffn
|
||||
|
||||
@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-ci->symbol")
|
||||
|
|
@ -1801,23 +1903,15 @@ inverses so far as @samp{equal?} is concerned. (r5rs)
|
|||
Return the symbol whose name is @var{str}, downcased in necessary(???).
|
||||
@end deffn
|
||||
|
||||
@r5index string-copy
|
||||
@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-copy")
|
||||
@deffn primitive string-copy str
|
||||
Returns a newly allocated copy of the given @var{string}. (r5rs)
|
||||
@end deffn
|
||||
|
||||
@r5index string-fill!
|
||||
@c docstring begin (texi-doc-string "guile" "string-fill!")
|
||||
@deffn primitive string-fill! str chr
|
||||
Stores @var{char} in every element of the given @var{string} and returns an
|
||||
unspecified value. (r5rs)
|
||||
@end deffn
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node Shared Substrings
|
||||
@subsection Shared Substrings
|
||||
|
||||
[FIXME: this is pasted in from Tom Lord's original guile.texi and should
|
||||
be reviewed]
|
||||
|
||||
@c FIXME::martin: Shared substrings are gone, so this section should die.
|
||||
|
||||
Whenever you extract a substring using @code{substring}, the Scheme
|
||||
interpreter allocates a new string and copies data from the old string.
|
||||
This is expensive, but @code{substring} is so convenient for
|
||||
|
|
@ -1891,6 +1985,9 @@ expect to change the contents of any of the strings involved.
|
|||
@node Read Only Strings
|
||||
@subsection Read Only Strings
|
||||
|
||||
@c FIXME::martin: Read-only strings are gone, too, so this section should
|
||||
@c also die.
|
||||
|
||||
Type-checking in Guile primitives distinguishes between mutable strings
|
||||
and read only strings. Mutable strings answer @code{#t} to
|
||||
@code{string?} while read only strings may or may not. All kinds of
|
||||
|
|
@ -2642,10 +2739,10 @@ syntax extension to permit keywords to begin with @code{:} as well as
|
|||
@code{#:}.
|
||||
|
||||
@menu
|
||||
* Why Use Keywords?::
|
||||
* Coding With Keywords::
|
||||
* Keyword Read Syntax::
|
||||
* Keyword Primitives::
|
||||
* Why Use Keywords?::
|
||||
* Coding With Keywords::
|
||||
* Keyword Read Syntax::
|
||||
* Keyword Primitives::
|
||||
@end menu
|
||||
|
||||
@node Why Use Keywords?
|
||||
|
|
@ -3590,10 +3687,10 @@ Return the vtable tag of the structure @var{handle}.
|
|||
@section Arrays
|
||||
|
||||
@menu
|
||||
* Conventional Arrays:: Arrays with arbitrary data.
|
||||
* Array Mapping:: Applying a procedure to the contents of an array.
|
||||
* Uniform Arrays:: Arrays with data of a single type.
|
||||
* Bit Vectors:: Vectors of bits.
|
||||
* Conventional Arrays:: Arrays with arbitrary data.
|
||||
* Array Mapping:: Applying a procedure to the contents of an array.
|
||||
* Uniform Arrays:: Arrays with data of a single type.
|
||||
* Bit Vectors:: Vectors of bits.
|
||||
@end menu
|
||||
|
||||
@node Conventional Arrays
|
||||
|
|
@ -4076,8 +4173,8 @@ useful for organizing and indexing large bodies of information.
|
|||
|
||||
@menu
|
||||
* Dictionary Types:: About dictionary types; what they're good for.
|
||||
* Association Lists::
|
||||
* Hash Tables::
|
||||
* Association Lists::
|
||||
* Hash Tables::
|
||||
@end menu
|
||||
|
||||
@node Dictionary Types
|
||||
|
|
@ -4148,12 +4245,12 @@ because association lists are so useful, Guile also provides specific
|
|||
procedures for manipulating them.
|
||||
|
||||
@menu
|
||||
* Alist Key Equality::
|
||||
* Adding or Setting Alist Entries::
|
||||
* Retrieving Alist Entries::
|
||||
* Removing Alist Entries::
|
||||
* Sloppy Alist Functions::
|
||||
* Alist Example::
|
||||
* Alist Key Equality::
|
||||
* Adding or Setting Alist Entries::
|
||||
* Retrieving Alist Entries::
|
||||
* Removing Alist Entries::
|
||||
* Sloppy Alist Functions::
|
||||
* Alist Example::
|
||||
@end menu
|
||||
|
||||
@node Alist Key Equality
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue