guile/libguile/vm.c

/* Copyright (C) 2001, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 * 
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of
 * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
 * 02110-1301 USA
 */

#if HAVE_CONFIG_H
#  include <config.h>
#endif

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <alloca.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>

#include "libguile/bdw-gc.h"
#include <gc/gc_mark.h>

#include "_scm.h"
#include "vm-bootstrap.h"
#include "frames.h"
#include "instructions.h"
#include "objcodes.h"
#include "programs.h"
#include "lang.h" /* NULL_OR_NIL_P */
#include "vm.h"

/* I sometimes use this for debugging. */
#define vm_puts(OBJ)				\
{						\
  scm_display (OBJ, scm_current_error_port ()); \
  scm_newline (scm_current_error_port ());      \
}

/* The VM has a number of internal assertions that shouldn't normally be
   necessary, but might be if you think you found a bug in the VM. */
#define VM_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS

/* We can add a mode that ensures that all stack items above the stack pointer
   are NULL. This is useful for checking the internal consistency of the VM's
   assumptions and its operators, but isn't necessary for normal operation. It
   will ensure that assertions are enabled. Slows down the VM by about 30%. */
/* NB! If you enable this, search for NULLING in throw.c */
/* #define VM_ENABLE_STACK_NULLING */

/* #define VM_ENABLE_PARANOID_ASSERTIONS */

#if defined (VM_ENABLE_STACK_NULLING) && !defined (VM_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS)
#define VM_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS
#endif

/* When defined, arrange so that the GC doesn't scan the VM stack beyond its
   current SP.  This should help avoid excess data retention.  See
   http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.programming.garbage-collection.boehmgc/3001
   for a discussion.  */
#define VM_ENABLE_PRECISE_STACK_GC_SCAN



/*
 * VM Continuation
 */

scm_t_bits scm_tc16_vm_cont;

static SCM
capture_vm_cont (struct scm_vm *vp)
{
  struct scm_vm_cont *p = scm_gc_malloc (sizeof (*p), "capture_vm_cont");
  p->stack_size = vp->sp - vp->stack_base + 1;
  p->stack_base = scm_gc_malloc (p->stack_size * sizeof (SCM),
				 "capture_vm_cont");
#ifdef VM_ENABLE_STACK_NULLING
  if (vp->sp >= vp->stack_base)
    if (!vp->sp[0] || vp->sp[1])
      abort ();
  memset (p->stack_base, 0, p->stack_size * sizeof (SCM));
#endif
  p->ip = vp->ip;
  p->sp = vp->sp;
  p->fp = vp->fp;
  memcpy (p->stack_base, vp->stack_base, p->stack_size * sizeof (SCM));
  p->reloc = p->stack_base - vp->stack_base;
  SCM_RETURN_NEWSMOB (scm_tc16_vm_cont, p);
}

static void
reinstate_vm_cont (struct scm_vm *vp, SCM cont)
{
  struct scm_vm_cont *p = SCM_VM_CONT_DATA (cont);
  if (vp->stack_size < p->stack_size)
    {
      /* puts ("FIXME: Need to expand"); */
      abort ();
    }
#ifdef VM_ENABLE_STACK_NULLING
  {
    scm_t_ptrdiff nzero = (vp->sp - p->sp);
    if (nzero > 0)
      memset (vp->stack_base + p->stack_size, 0, nzero * sizeof (SCM));
    /* actually nzero should always be negative, because vm_reset_stack will
       unwind the stack to some point *below* this continuation */
  }
#endif
  vp->ip = p->ip;
  vp->sp = p->sp;
  vp->fp = p->fp;
  memcpy (vp->stack_base, p->stack_base, p->stack_size * sizeof (SCM));
}

/* In theory, a number of vm instances can be active in the call trace, and we
   only want to reify the continuations of those in the current continuation
   root. I don't see a nice way to do this -- ideally it would involve dynwinds,
   and previous values of the *the-vm* fluid within the current continuation
   root. But we don't have access to continuation roots in the dynwind stack.
   So, just punt for now -- take the current value of *the-vm*.

   While I'm on the topic, ideally we could avoid copying the C stack if the
   continuation root is inside VM code, and call/cc was invoked within that same
   call to vm_run; but that's currently not implemented.
 */
SCM
scm_vm_capture_continuations (void)
{
  SCM vm = scm_the_vm ();
  return scm_acons (vm, capture_vm_cont (SCM_VM_DATA (vm)), SCM_EOL);
}

void
scm_vm_reinstate_continuations (SCM conts)
{
  for (; conts != SCM_EOL; conts = SCM_CDR (conts))
    reinstate_vm_cont (SCM_VM_DATA (SCM_CAAR (conts)), SCM_CDAR (conts));
}

static void enfalsen_frame (void *p)
{ 
  struct scm_vm *vp = p;
  vp->trace_frame = SCM_BOOL_F;
}

static void
vm_dispatch_hook (struct scm_vm *vp, SCM hook, SCM hook_args)
{
  if (!scm_is_false (vp->trace_frame))
    return;

  scm_dynwind_begin (0);
  /* FIXME, stack holder should be the vm */
  vp->trace_frame = scm_c_make_frame (SCM_BOOL_F, vp->fp, vp->sp, vp->ip, 0);
  scm_dynwind_unwind_handler (enfalsen_frame, vp, SCM_F_WIND_EXPLICITLY);

  scm_c_run_hook (hook, hook_args);

  scm_dynwind_end ();
}


/*
 * VM Internal functions
 */

static SCM sym_vm_run;
static SCM sym_vm_error;
static SCM sym_debug;

static SCM
really_make_boot_program (long nargs)
{
  SCM u8vec;
  scm_t_uint8 text[] = { scm_op_mv_call, 0, 0, 0, 1,
                         scm_op_make_int8_1, scm_op_halt };
  struct scm_objcode *bp;
  SCM ret;

  if (SCM_UNLIKELY (nargs > 255 || nargs < 0))
    abort ();
  text[1] = (scm_t_uint8)nargs;

  bp = scm_malloc (sizeof (struct scm_objcode) + sizeof (text));
  memcpy (bp->base, text, sizeof (text));
  bp->len = sizeof(text);
  bp->metalen = 0;

  u8vec = scm_take_u8vector ((scm_t_uint8*)bp,
                             sizeof (struct scm_objcode) + sizeof (text));
  ret = scm_make_program (scm_bytecode_to_objcode (u8vec),
                          SCM_BOOL_F, SCM_BOOL_F);
  SCM_SET_CELL_WORD_0 (ret, SCM_CELL_WORD_0 (ret) | SCM_F_PROGRAM_IS_BOOT);

  return ret;
}
#define NUM_BOOT_PROGS 8
static SCM
vm_make_boot_program (long nargs)
{
  static SCM programs[NUM_BOOT_PROGS] = { 0, };

  if (SCM_UNLIKELY (!programs[0])) 
    {
      int i;
      for (i = 0; i < NUM_BOOT_PROGS; i++)
        programs[i] = scm_permanent_object (really_make_boot_program (i));
    }
  
  if (SCM_LIKELY (nargs < NUM_BOOT_PROGS))
    return programs[nargs];
  else
    return really_make_boot_program (nargs);
}


/*
 * VM
 */

static SCM
resolve_variable (SCM what, SCM program_module)
{
  if (SCM_LIKELY (scm_is_symbol (what)))
    {
      if (SCM_LIKELY (scm_module_system_booted_p
                      && scm_is_true (program_module)))
        /* might longjmp */
        return scm_module_lookup (program_module, what);
      else
        {
          SCM v = scm_sym2var (what, SCM_BOOL_F, SCM_BOOL_F);
          if (scm_is_false (v))
            scm_misc_error (NULL, "unbound variable: ~S", scm_list_1 (what));
          else
            return v;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      SCM mod;
      /* compilation of @ or @@
         `what' is a three-element list: (MODNAME SYM INTERFACE?)
         INTERFACE? is #t if we compiled @ or #f if we compiled @@
      */
      mod = scm_resolve_module (SCM_CAR (what));
      if (scm_is_true (SCM_CADDR (what)))
        mod = scm_module_public_interface (mod);
      if (scm_is_false (mod))
        scm_misc_error (NULL, "no such module: ~S",
                        scm_list_1 (SCM_CAR (what)));
      /* might longjmp */
      return scm_module_lookup (mod, SCM_CADR (what));
    }
}
  
static SCM
apply_foreign (SCM proc, SCM *args, int nargs, int headroom)
{
  SCM_ASRTGO (SCM_NIMP (proc), badproc);

  switch (SCM_TYP7 (proc))
    {
    case scm_tcs_closures:
      /* FIXME: pre-boot closures should be smobs */
      {
        SCM arglist = SCM_EOL;
        while (nargs--)
          arglist = scm_cons (args[nargs], arglist);
        return scm_closure_apply (proc, arglist);
      }
    case scm_tc7_smob:
      if (!SCM_SMOB_APPLICABLE_P (proc))
        goto badproc;
      switch (nargs)
        {
        case 0:
          return SCM_SMOB_APPLY_0 (proc);
        case 1:
          return SCM_SMOB_APPLY_1 (proc, args[0]);
        case 2:
          return SCM_SMOB_APPLY_2 (proc, args[0], args[1]);
        default:
          {
            SCM arglist = SCM_EOL;
            while (nargs-- > 2)
              arglist = scm_cons (args[nargs], arglist);
            return SCM_SMOB_APPLY_3 (proc, args[0], args[1], arglist);
          }
        }
    case scm_tc7_gsubr:
      return scm_i_gsubr_apply_array (proc, args, nargs, headroom);
    default:
    badproc:
      scm_wrong_type_arg ("apply", SCM_ARG1, proc);
    }
}


#define VM_DEFAULT_STACK_SIZE	(64 * 1024)

#define VM_NAME   vm_regular_engine
#define FUNC_NAME "vm-regular-engine"
#define VM_ENGINE SCM_VM_REGULAR_ENGINE
#include "vm-engine.c"
#undef VM_NAME
#undef FUNC_NAME
#undef VM_ENGINE

#define VM_NAME	  vm_debug_engine
#define FUNC_NAME "vm-debug-engine"
#define VM_ENGINE SCM_VM_DEBUG_ENGINE
#include "vm-engine.c"
#undef VM_NAME
#undef FUNC_NAME
#undef VM_ENGINE

static const scm_t_vm_engine vm_engines[] = 
  { vm_regular_engine, vm_debug_engine };

scm_t_bits scm_tc16_vm;

#ifdef VM_ENABLE_PRECISE_STACK_GC_SCAN

/* The GC "kind" for the VM stack.  */
static int vm_stack_gc_kind;

#endif

static SCM
make_vm (void)
#define FUNC_NAME "make_vm"
{
  int i;
  struct scm_vm *vp;

  if (!scm_tc16_vm)
    return SCM_BOOL_F; /* not booted yet */

  vp = scm_gc_malloc (sizeof (struct scm_vm), "vm");

  vp->stack_size  = VM_DEFAULT_STACK_SIZE;

#ifdef VM_ENABLE_PRECISE_STACK_GC_SCAN
  vp->stack_base = GC_generic_malloc (vp->stack_size * sizeof (SCM),
				      vm_stack_gc_kind);

  /* Keep a pointer to VP so that `vm_stack_mark ()' can know what the stack
     top is.  */
  *vp->stack_base = PTR2SCM (vp);
  vp->stack_base++;
  vp->stack_size--;
#else
  vp->stack_base  = scm_gc_malloc (vp->stack_size * sizeof (SCM),
				   "stack-base");
#endif

#ifdef VM_ENABLE_STACK_NULLING
  memset (vp->stack_base, 0, vp->stack_size * sizeof (SCM));
#endif
  vp->stack_limit = vp->stack_base + vp->stack_size;
  vp->ip    	  = NULL;
  vp->sp    	  = vp->stack_base - 1;
  vp->fp    	  = NULL;
  vp->engine      = SCM_VM_DEBUG_ENGINE;
  vp->time        = 0;
  vp->clock       = 0;
  vp->options     = SCM_EOL;
  for (i = 0; i < SCM_VM_NUM_HOOKS; i++)
    vp->hooks[i] = SCM_BOOL_F;
  vp->trace_frame = SCM_BOOL_F;
  SCM_RETURN_NEWSMOB (scm_tc16_vm, vp);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

#ifdef VM_ENABLE_PRECISE_STACK_GC_SCAN

/* Mark the VM stack region between its base and its current top.  */
static struct GC_ms_entry *
vm_stack_mark (GC_word *addr, struct GC_ms_entry *mark_stack_ptr,
	       struct GC_ms_entry *mark_stack_limit, GC_word env)
{
  GC_word *word;
  const struct scm_vm *vm;

  /* The first word of the VM stack should contain a pointer to the
     corresponding VM.  */
  vm = * ((struct scm_vm **) addr);

  if (vm == NULL
      || (SCM *) addr != vm->stack_base - 1
      || vm->stack_limit - vm->stack_base != vm->stack_size)
    /* ADDR must be a pointer to a free-list element, which we must ignore
       (see warning in <gc/gc_mark.h>).  */
    return mark_stack_ptr;

  for (word = (GC_word *) vm->stack_base; word <= (GC_word *) vm->sp; word++)
    mark_stack_ptr = GC_MARK_AND_PUSH ((* (GC_word **) word),
				       mark_stack_ptr, mark_stack_limit,
				       NULL);

  return mark_stack_ptr;
}

#endif /* VM_ENABLE_PRECISE_STACK_GC_SCAN */


SCM
scm_c_vm_run (SCM vm, SCM program, SCM *argv, int nargs)
{
  struct scm_vm *vp = SCM_VM_DATA (vm);
  return vm_engines[vp->engine](vp, program, argv, nargs);
}

SCM
scm_vm_apply (SCM vm, SCM program, SCM args)
#define FUNC_NAME "scm_vm_apply"
{
  SCM *argv;
  int i, nargs;
  
  SCM_VALIDATE_VM (1, vm);
  SCM_VALIDATE_PROC (2, program);

  nargs = scm_ilength (args);
  if (SCM_UNLIKELY (nargs < 0))
    scm_wrong_type_arg_msg (FUNC_NAME, 3, args, "list");
  
  argv = alloca(nargs * sizeof(SCM));
  for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++)
    {
      argv[i] = SCM_CAR (args);
      args = SCM_CDR (args);
    }

  return scm_c_vm_run (vm, program, argv, nargs);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM
scm_vm_call_with_new_stack (SCM vm, SCM thunk, SCM id)
{
  return scm_c_vm_run (vm, thunk, NULL, 0);
}

/* Scheme interface */

SCM_DEFINE (scm_vm_version, "vm-version", 0, 0, 0,
	    (void),
	    "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_vm_version
{
  return scm_from_locale_string (PACKAGE_VERSION);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_the_vm, "the-vm", 0, 0, 0,
	    (void),
	    "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_the_vm
{
  scm_i_thread *t = SCM_I_CURRENT_THREAD;

  if (SCM_UNLIKELY (scm_is_false ((t->vm))))
    t->vm = make_vm ();

  return t->vm;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_DEFINE (scm_vm_p, "vm?", 1, 0, 0,
	    (SCM obj),
	    "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_vm_p
{
  return scm_from_bool (SCM_VM_P (obj));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_make_vm, "make-vm", 0, 0, 0,
	    (void),
	    "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_make_vm,
{
  return make_vm ();
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_vm_ip, "vm:ip", 1, 0, 0,
	    (SCM vm),
	    "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_vm_ip
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_VM (1, vm);
  return scm_from_ulong ((unsigned long) SCM_VM_DATA (vm)->ip);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_vm_sp, "vm:sp", 1, 0, 0,
	    (SCM vm),
	    "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_vm_sp
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_VM (1, vm);
  return scm_from_ulong ((unsigned long) SCM_VM_DATA (vm)->sp);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_vm_fp, "vm:fp", 1, 0, 0,
	    (SCM vm),
	    "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_vm_fp
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_VM (1, vm);
  return scm_from_ulong ((unsigned long) SCM_VM_DATA (vm)->fp);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

#define VM_DEFINE_HOOK(n)				\
{							\
  struct scm_vm *vp;					\
  SCM_VALIDATE_VM (1, vm);				\
  vp = SCM_VM_DATA (vm);				\
  if (scm_is_false (vp->hooks[n]))			\
    vp->hooks[n] = scm_make_hook (SCM_I_MAKINUM (1));	\
  return vp->hooks[n];					\
}

SCM_DEFINE (scm_vm_boot_hook, "vm-boot-hook", 1, 0, 0,
	    (SCM vm),
	    "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_vm_boot_hook
{
  VM_DEFINE_HOOK (SCM_VM_BOOT_HOOK);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_vm_halt_hook, "vm-halt-hook", 1, 0, 0,
	    (SCM vm),
	    "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_vm_halt_hook
{
  VM_DEFINE_HOOK (SCM_VM_HALT_HOOK);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_vm_next_hook, "vm-next-hook", 1, 0, 0,
	    (SCM vm),
	    "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_vm_next_hook
{
  VM_DEFINE_HOOK (SCM_VM_NEXT_HOOK);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_vm_break_hook, "vm-break-hook", 1, 0, 0,
	    (SCM vm),
	    "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_vm_break_hook
{
  VM_DEFINE_HOOK (SCM_VM_BREAK_HOOK);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_vm_enter_hook, "vm-enter-hook", 1, 0, 0,
	    (SCM vm),
	    "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_vm_enter_hook
{
  VM_DEFINE_HOOK (SCM_VM_ENTER_HOOK);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_vm_apply_hook, "vm-apply-hook", 1, 0, 0,
	    (SCM vm),
	    "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_vm_apply_hook
{
  VM_DEFINE_HOOK (SCM_VM_APPLY_HOOK);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_vm_exit_hook, "vm-exit-hook", 1, 0, 0,
	    (SCM vm),
	    "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_vm_exit_hook
{
  VM_DEFINE_HOOK (SCM_VM_EXIT_HOOK);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_vm_return_hook, "vm-return-hook", 1, 0, 0,
	    (SCM vm),
	    "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_vm_return_hook
{
  VM_DEFINE_HOOK (SCM_VM_RETURN_HOOK);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_vm_option, "vm-option", 2, 0, 0,
	    (SCM vm, SCM key),
	    "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_vm_option
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_VM (1, vm);
  return scm_assq_ref (SCM_VM_DATA (vm)->options, key);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_set_vm_option_x, "set-vm-option!", 3, 0, 0,
	    (SCM vm, SCM key, SCM val),
	    "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_set_vm_option_x
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_VM (1, vm);
  SCM_VM_DATA (vm)->options
    = scm_assq_set_x (SCM_VM_DATA (vm)->options, key, val);
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_vm_stats, "vm-stats", 1, 0, 0,
	    (SCM vm),
	    "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_vm_stats
{
  SCM stats;

  SCM_VALIDATE_VM (1, vm);

  stats = scm_make_vector (SCM_I_MAKINUM (2), SCM_UNSPECIFIED);
  scm_vector_set_x (stats, SCM_I_MAKINUM (0),
		    scm_from_ulong (SCM_VM_DATA (vm)->time));
  scm_vector_set_x (stats, SCM_I_MAKINUM (1),
		    scm_from_ulong (SCM_VM_DATA (vm)->clock));

  return stats;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_vm_trace_frame, "vm-trace-frame", 1, 0, 0,
	    (SCM vm),
	    "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_vm_trace_frame
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_VM (1, vm);
  return SCM_VM_DATA (vm)->trace_frame;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


/*
 * Initialize
 */

SCM scm_load_compiled_with_vm (SCM file)
{
  SCM program = scm_make_program (scm_load_objcode (file),
                                  SCM_BOOL_F, SCM_BOOL_F);
  
  return scm_c_vm_run (scm_the_vm (), program, NULL, 0);
}

void
scm_bootstrap_vm (void)
{
  static int strappage = 0;
  
  if (strappage)
    return;

  scm_bootstrap_frames ();
  scm_bootstrap_instructions ();
  scm_bootstrap_objcodes ();
  scm_bootstrap_programs ();

  scm_tc16_vm_cont = scm_make_smob_type ("vm-cont", 0);

  scm_tc16_vm = scm_make_smob_type ("vm", 0);
  scm_set_smob_apply (scm_tc16_vm, scm_vm_apply, 1, 0, 1);

  scm_c_define ("load-compiled",
                scm_c_make_gsubr ("load-compiled/vm", 1, 0, 0,
                                  scm_load_compiled_with_vm));

  sym_vm_run = scm_permanent_object (scm_from_locale_symbol ("vm-run"));
  sym_vm_error = scm_permanent_object (scm_from_locale_symbol ("vm-error"));
  sym_debug = scm_permanent_object (scm_from_locale_symbol ("debug"));

  scm_c_register_extension ("libguile", "scm_init_vm",
                            (scm_t_extension_init_func)scm_init_vm, NULL);

  strappage = 1;

#ifdef VM_ENABLE_PRECISE_STACK_GC_SCAN
  vm_stack_gc_kind =
    GC_new_kind (GC_new_free_list (),
		 GC_MAKE_PROC (GC_new_proc (vm_stack_mark), 0),
		 0, 1);

#endif
}

void
scm_init_vm (void)
{
  scm_bootstrap_vm ();

#ifndef SCM_MAGIC_SNARFER
#include "libguile/vm.x"
#endif
}

/*
  Local Variables:
  c-file-style: "gnu"
  End:
*/